Lance Wallach on Money Overseas

The Irrevocable Trust Cash Release Program - HG.org

The Irrevocable Trust Cash Release Program

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     By Lance Wallach, CLU, CHFC

Through a special program, created by Money Watch Consultants Inc., called The Irrevocable Trust Cash Release Program, funds from the insured’s irrevocable trust can be released and made available to pay for long term care, in a facility or at home. And this care can even be provided by a family member.

The amounts of funds that can be made available are typically a vast multiple of the funds currently in the trust. Despite the leveraging, due to the unique structuring of the program, the funds in excess of the initial deposits, and prior to the death of the insured, are received by the trust, and paid out of the trust, on a tax free basis.



This program has recently attracted much attention because Congress has just extended estate tax exemptions to 5 million dollars for individuals and 10 million dollars for married couples. Thus many people who have set up and funded various irrevocable trusts in order to pay their estate taxes, feel that they are no longer needed.



This program gives them the ability to dramatically leverage these funds to pay for health care that they anticipate may eventually be required, without worrying about liquidating assets or making withdrawals on retirement accounts.



The latest development in irrevocable trust management can solve the insured’s desire to get, tax free cash out of the underused insurance policy when most needed, and prior to dying.



Through a special legal loophole, needed funds from the insured’s irrevocable trust can be released and made available to whoever you want, including yourself. Lance Wallach, who wrote the CPA's guide to trusts and estates, and other continuing education books read by CPA's attorneys and financial planners and associate William Kaufman have spent years studying the problem... Most life insurance trusts are underperforming, often requiring [Bill Kaufman] much greater premiums than anticipated. If they were properly designed, no more premiums would be due. Many policies in trusts are rapidly using up their insurance cash values, dramatically underperforming, and are at risk of failing altogether. There are many other problems with almost all of the trusts examined. If you advised your client on these matters, or serve as trustee for him/her, you may have a contingent liability suit on these matters, should the life insurance fail.



Now cash can be released to be used when really needed. Most attorneys, CPA’S, planners etc. that have heard me speak at thousands of national conventions don’t have a clue about the problems. Most of them even created some of these problems for their clients, who are also not aware. As an expert witness Lance Wallach has never lost a case. This does not necessate a lawsuit, just a simple fix. Make sure if you advisor tries it, he has successfully helped others with the program. If done wrong the IRS will come calling, Google Lance Wallach for articles on point. Despite the leveraging, due to the unique structuring of the program, the funds in excess of the initial deposits, and prior to the death of the insured, are received by the trust, and paid out of the trust, on a tax free basis.



If you have an insurance or similar trust you probably have lots of money in it. You may also have lots of problems that will not be discovered until you die. We have been consulted by many beneficiaries with these problems, usually after being charged thousands of dollars by their law firms to tell them about the problems, but not fix them. The way most of the trusts that we have studied, usually set up by law firms, are structured; the big beneficiaries at death will be the law firms. Worse, insurance in the trusts easily falls apart before death, unless you die young. Get an experienced person to review your trust, either to free up lots of money, or to review for problems before it is too late. [Bill Kaufman] If you don‘t [Bill Kaufman] believe me, than Google Lance Wallach and then Google your advisor and see who is more credible. You have worked hard for your money. Don‘t let poor planning, lawyers greed, insurance agents with big commissions disrupt what you thought was sound planning.



ABOUT THE AUTHOR: Lance Wallach, Bill Kaufman

Lance Wallach, National Society of Accountants Speaker of the Year and member of the AICPA faculty of teaching professionals, is a frequent speaker on retirement plans, abusive tax shelters, financial, international tax, and estate planning. He writes about 412(i), 419, Section79, FBAR, and captive insurance plans. He speaks at more than ten conventions annually, writes for over fifty publications, is quoted regularly in the press. He does expert witness testimony and has never lost a case.



Copyright Lance Wallach, CLU, CHFC

More information about Lance Wallach, CLU, CHFC



Disclaimer: While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of this publication, it is not intended to provide legal advice as individual situations will differ and should be discussed with an expert and/or lawyer. For specific technical or legal advice on the information provided and related topics, please contact the author.

The Irrevocable Trust Cash Release Program - HG.org

Captive Insurance Plans, Want to Get Audited? - HG.org

Captive Insurance Plans, Want to Get Audited? - HG.org

The insurance industry have been conjuring ways to make life insurance premiums tax deductible. Over the years we have seen many schemes that have failed IRS scrutiny. Welfare benefit plans set up under I.R.C. section 419, 412(e) plans and Producer Owned Reinsurance Companies (PORCs) are all common examples.

When one scheme fails it isn’t long before a resourceful promoter comes up with a different product. Inevitably promoters find some lawyer or accountant to draft a favorable opinion letter and a new industry is born. In a few years, however, the IRS catches up and declares the arrangement to be a listed transaction and abusive tax shelter. As an expert witness I have never lost a case in this field. It is easy to beat the deep pockets of the insurance companies who provide product to these plans. Even though they have business owners sign fraudulent disclaimers saying that the owners will get their own tax advice. These disclaimers are then used when the inevitable happens, the IRS audits and the business owner sues the insurance company.

The latest entries seeking to find a way to make life insurance premiums deductible is a small business captive insurance company or CIC.

Life Insurance: Life Insurance Policy Gone Wrong

Lance Wallach Life Insurance: Life Insurance Policy Gone Wrong: Protecting Clients From Fraud, Incompetence, and Scams By: Lance Wallach Published by John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Excerpts have been...

Jobs Act Guarantees 419e, 412i fines - complete your 8886 form now

Jobs Act Guarantees 419e, 412i fines - complete your 8886 form now

Servicers for 419, 419e, 412i, Section 79, captive insurance, listed transactions

Servicers for 419, 419e, 412i, Section 79, captive insurance, listed transactions

Could these five money misconceptions cost you?

From pensions to credit cards, many people seem to hold some worrying misconceptions about money. Restaurant service charges are compulsory while you have to be over the age of 30 to be enrolled in a pension scheme. These are just two examples of seemingly common money misconceptions uncovered by new research by voucher website VoucherCodesPro.

Yet over half of the people surveyed claimed they had “sound financial knowledge”.

Here are the biggest misconceptions and the reality.

To Read More

About Us

About Us

IRS Says Most 419 Plans Are Abusive Tax Shelters

On October 17, 2007, the IRS, in Notice 2007-83, identified as listed transactions certain trust

arrangements involving cash value life insurance policies. Revenue Ruling 2007-65, issued simultaneously,

addressed situations wherein the tax deduction has been disallowed, in whole or in part, for premiums paid on such cash value life insurance policies. These arrangements claim to be welfare benefit plans. 

Read more here:

IRS Says Most 419 Plans Are Abusive Tax Shelters

If the IRS Contacts You... - HG.org

Keep your mouth shut-take this advice seriously.

If you give the agents any opening, you're dead.



They'll start with soft background questions, but before you know it, will have trapped you. And many questions won't be genuine-that is, the agents already know the answers and are asking only to see if you will lie or confess.



Questions typically asked by agents include:



Have you reported all of your income?



Where are your bank accounts and safe deposit boxes?



Can you tell us about the cars, boats, planes, and real estate that you own?



What is the procedure for reporting sales in your business?



Do you keep a lot of cash on hand?



Who are your business associates?



Have you traveled out of the country recently?



Have you or any of your businesses been audited?



Faced with a barrage of questions from trained agents who show up unannounced, most people fall apart. They either blurt out a confession or a transparent lie within five minutes. This gives the Justice Department the rope to hang them with.



Don't Let that happen to you.



ABOUT THE AUTHOR: Lance Wallach

Lance Wallach, National Society of Accountants Speaker of the Year and member of the AICPA faculty of teaching professionals, is a frequent speaker on retirement plans, abusive tax shelters, financial, international tax, and estate planning. He writes about 412(i), 419, Section79, FBAR, and captive insurance plans. He speaks at more than ten conventions annually, writes for over fifty publications, is quoted regularly in the press and has been featured on television and radio financial talk shows.



Copyright Lance Wallach, CLU, CHFC

More information about Lance Wallach, CLU, CHFC



Disclaimer: While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of this publication, it is not intended to provide legal advice as individual situations will differ and should be discussed with an expert and/or lawyer. For specific technical or legal advice on the information provided and related topics, please contact the author.

If the IRS Contacts You... - HG.org

More Problems for 419 Plans

For years, life insurance companies and agents have tried to find ways of making life insurance premiums paid by business owners tax deductible. This would allow them to sell policies at a "discount."

The problem became acute a few years ago with outlandish claims about how §§419A(f)(5) and (6) of the Internal Revenue Code (IRC) exempted employers from any tax deduction limitations. Other inaccurate assertions were made as well, until the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) finally put a stop to such egregious misrepresentations in 2002 by issuing regulations and naming such plans as "potentially abusive tax shelters" (or "listed transactions") that needed to be registered and disclosed to the IRS.

This appeared to put an end to the scourge of scurrilous promoters, as many such plans disappeared from the landscape.

And what happened to the providers that were peddling §§419A(f)(5) and (6) life insurance plans a few years ago? We recently found the answer: Most of them found a new life as promoters of so-called "419(e)" welfare benefit plans.


READ THE REST HERE

Will Your Municipal Bond or Your Life Insurance Company Still Have Value Next Year?

Investor protection with municipal bonds is so spotty that there is potential for much mischief. 



Disclosure, that bedrock of fair securities markets, is the heart of the problem facing municipal investors. Municipal issuers often don't file the most basic reports outlining their operating results or material changes in their financial conditions. 



Even though hospitals, cities and states that borrow money are required by their bond covenants to make such filings, nondisclosure among the nearly 60,000 issuers is common. 



With the S.E.C. largely on the sidelines, disclosure enforcement in the municipal market is left to participants. Do you think they really want to police themselves very closely? That leaves individuals who trade the securities, the investors, and the dealers, to monitor the disclosure information. There is almost no penalty for not complying with those requirements. This is another disaster waiting to happen. If you own municipal bonds, you had better be careful. You may want to investigate www.financeexperts.org and select someone that knows what they are doing to assist you. 


To read the rest, click here

419e 419 (e) plans audits, penalties under IRS 6707a

IRS Penalties, Audits, Benefit Plans 419e 412i

419e 412i , tax audits & IRS penalties.

Section 79 Plans: Lance Wallach -Tax Resolution Expert, Now Availabl...

Section 79 Plans: Lance Wallach -Tax Resolution Expert, Now Availabl...

Section 79 Plans: Lance Wallach -Tax Resolution Expert, Now Availabl...

Section 79 Plans: Lance Wallach -Tax Resolution Expert, Now Availabl...

Abusive Trust Arrangements Utilizing Cash Value Life Insurance Policies Purportedly to Provide Welfare Benefits

Internal Revenue Bulletin:  2007-45

November 5, 2007

Notice 2007-83

1. Promoted Arrangements

Trust arrangements utilizing cash value life insurance policies and purporting to provide welfare benefits to active employees are being promoted to small businesses and other closely held businesses as a way to provide cash and other property to the owners of the business on a tax-favored basis. The arrangements are sometimes referred to by persons advocating their use as “single employer plans” and sometimes as “419(e) plans.” Those advocates claim that the employers’ contributions to the trust are deductible under §§ 419 and 419A as qualified cost, but that there is not a corresponding inclusion in the owner’s income.

A promoted trust arrangement may be structured either as a taxable trust or a tax-exempt trust, i.e., a voluntary employees’ beneficiary association (VEBA) that has received a determination letter from the IRS that it is described in § 501(c)(9). The plan and the trust documents indicate that the plan provides benefits such as current death benefit protection, self-insured disability benefits, and/or self-insured severance benefits to covered employees (including those employees who are also owners of the business), and that the benefits are payable while the employee is actively employed by the employer. The employer’s contributions are often based on premiums charged for cash value life insurance policies. For example, contributions may be based on premiums that would be charged for whole life policies. As a result, the arrangements often require large employer contributions relative to the actual cost of the benefits currently provided under the plan.

Under these arrangements, the trustee uses the employer’s contributions to the trust to purchase life insurance policies. The trustee typically purchases cash value life insurance policies on the lives of the employees who are owners of the business (and sometimes other key employees), while purchasing term life insurance policies on the lives of the other employees covered under the plan.

It is anticipated that after a number of years the plan will be terminated and the cash value life insurance policies, cash, or other property held by the trust will be distributed to the employees who are plan participants at the time of the termination. While a small amount may be distributed to employees who are not owners of the business, the timing of the plan termination and the methods used to allocate the remaining assets are structured so that the business owners and other key employees will receive, directly or indirectly, all or a substantial portion of the assets held by the trust.

Those advocating the use of these plans often claim that the employer is allowed a deduction under § 419(c)(3) for its contributions when the trustee uses those contributions to pay premiums on the cash value life insurance policies, while at the same time claiming that nothing is includible in the owner’s gross income as a result of the contributions (or, if amounts are includible, they are significantly less than the premiums paid on the cash value life insurance policies). They may also claim that nothing is includible in the income of the business owner or other key employee as a result of the transfer of a cash value life insurance policy from the trust to the employee, asserting that the employee has purchased the policy when, in fact, any amounts the owner or other key employee paid for the policy may be significantly less than the fair market value of the policy. Some of the plans are structured so that the owner or other key employee is the named owner of the life insurance policy from the plan’s inception, with the employee assigning all or a portion of the death proceeds to the trust. Advocates of these arrangements may claim that no income inclusion is required because there is no transfer of the policy itself from the trust to the employees. 

412i Tax Shelter Fraud Litigation - How It Works

Lance Wallach

 

PARTIES:

Typically, these transactions will include an Insurance company, accountant, tax attorney, and a promoter (someone with an insurance background, perhaps an actuary, who knows how to structure the policy itself). These groups will use insurance brokerages and sub-agents (licensed in the various states) to sell the policies themselves. 

INSURANCE COMPANIES

AMERICAN GENERAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY® INDIANAPOLIS LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY®

HARTFORD LIFE AND ANNUITY INSURANCE COMPANY® PACIFIC LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY®

 BANKERS LIFE and OTHERS®?

4121iHOW THESE PLANS WORK:

In the late 1990’s, the individuals and groups above devised a scheme to sell abusive tax shelters under the auspices of Section 412(i) of the tax code. A 412(i) is a defined benefit pension plan. It provides specific retirement benefits to participants once they reach retirement and must contain assets sufficient to pay those benefits. A 412(i) plan differs from other defined benefit pension plans in that it must be funded exclusively by the purchase of individual life insurance products. To create a 412(i) plan, there must be a trust to hold the assets. The employer funds the plan by making cash contributions to the trust, and the Code allows the employer to take a tax deduction in the amount of the contributions, i.e. the entire amount.

The trust uses the contributed funds to purchase some combination of life insurance products (insurance or annuities) for the plan. As the plan participants retire, the trust will usually sell the policies for their present cash value and purchase annuities with the proceeds. The revenue stream from the annuities pays the specified retirement benefit to plan participants.

These defendants (with the aid and knowledge of the insurance companies) used the traditional structure and sold life insurance policies with excessively high premiums. The trust then uses the large cash contributions to pay high insurance premiums and the employer takes a deduction for the sum of those large contributions. As you might expect, these policies were designed with excessively high fees or “loads” which provided exorbitant commissions to the insurance companies and the agents who sold the products.

The policies that were sold were termed Springing Cash Value Policies. They had no cash value for the first 5-7 years, after which they had significant cash value. Under this scheme, after 5-7 years, and just before the cash value sprung, the participant purchases the policy from the trust for the policy’s surrender value. In theory, you have a tax free transaction.

The IRS does not recognize the tax benefit of such a plan and has repeatedly issued announcements indicating that such plans are contrary to federal tax laws and regulations.

               

I am not an attorney but I learned some of the above information from attorney’s Mr. Ford’s website.

Lance Wallach, National Society of Accountants Speaker of the Year and member of the AICPA faculty of teaching professionals, is a frequent speaker on retirement plans, financial and estate planning, and abusive tax shelters. He writes about 412(i), 419, and captive insurance plans. He speaks at more than ten conventions annually, writes for over fifty publications, is quoted regularly in the press and has been featured on television and radio financial talk shows including NBC, National Public Radio's All Things Considered, and others. Lance has written numerous books including Protecting Clients from Fraud, Incompetence and Scams published by John Wiley and Sons, Bisk Education's CPA's Guide to Life Insurance and Federal Estate and Gift Taxation, as well as AICPA best-selling books, including Avoiding Circular 230 Malpractice Traps and Common Abusive Small Business Hot Spots. He does expert witness testimony and has never lost a case. Contact him at 516.938.5007, wallachinc@gmail.com or visit www.taxaudit419.com and www.taxlibrary.us

The information provided herein is not intended as legal, accounting, financial or any type of advice for any specific individual or other entity. You should contact an appropriate professional for any such advice.

IRS Attacks Many Business Owners With Million Dollar Fines

First published:  IRS Attacks Many Business Owners With Million Dollar Fines

By Lance Wallach

by Lance Wallach

January 22, 2010

IRS Attacks Many Business Owners With Million Dollar Fines

If you were or are in a 412(i), 419, Captive Insurance, or section 79 plan you are probably in big trouble. If you signed a tax return for a client in one of these plans, you are probably what the IRS calls a material advisor and subject to a maximum $200,000 fine. If you are an Insurance Professional that sold or advised on one of these plans, the same holds true for you. Business Owners and Material Advisors needed to properly file under section 6707A, or face large IRS fines. My office has received thousands of phone calls, many after the business owner has received the fine. In many cases, the accountant files the appropriate forms, but the IRS still levied the fine because the Accountant made a mistake on the form. My office has reviewed many forms for Accountants, Tax Attorneys and others. We have not yet seen a form that was filled out properly. The improper preparation of these forms usually results in the client being fined more quickly then if the form were not filed at all. I have been an expert witness in law suites on point. None of my clients have ever lost where I was their Expert Witness.

The IRS will be soon attacking section 79 scams I am told. My early articles by AICPA and others in the 90s predicted attacks on 419s, which came true. My 412(i) article predictions came true. The section 79 scams soon will be attacked. Everyone in them should file protectively. Anyone that has not filed protectively in a 419 or older 412(i) had better get some good advise from someone who knows what is going on, and has extensive experience filing protectively. IRS still has their task forces auditing these plans. Then they will move on to 79 scams etc. including many of the illegal captives pushed by the insurance companies and agents. Not all captives are illegal. I am an expert witness in a lot of cases involving the 412(i) and 419. It does not go well for the agents, accountants, plan promoters, insurance companies etc. The insurance companies settle first leaving the agents hanging out there. Then in many cases they fire the agents. I was just in a case as an expert witness where a large well know New England mutual based insurance company did just that.

If you are an insurance professional do not count on your insurance company to back you up. More likely they will stab you in the back, based on what I have seen. One of the agents was with the company over 25 years and was a leading producer with lots of company awards. Be careful. If you sold, gave tax advice, or signed a tax return and got paid a certain amount of money you may be a material advisor. Under the newest proposed regulations you had to file with the IRS to avoid the $200,000 $100,000 fines. You had to fill out the forms properly. You had to advise those that you advised about the plans or sold the plan to. You had to send them a note, or call them, giving them the number that the IRS had assigned to you as a Material Advisor. This is the number that you obtain after you file the appropriate forms for yourself. Even though you obtain a number you still may have filed your forms improperly or completed them wrong. Many accountants have called me after their clients were fined $800,000 or more by IRS for improperly filing, or not filing under 6707A. A plan administrator called me after a lot of his clients were fined millions. He told their accountants to file 8886, and most of them did. All of the clients were fined shortly thereafter. The forms need to be filled in exactly correct. In our numerous talks with IRS we were told if filed out wrong the fine is still imposed. BE CAREFUL please be advised we have not seen a form that has been filed out properly. Many accountants, tax attorneys, etc., send us their forms to be reviewed, most after they file for one client who then gets fined about one million dollars under the regulations. I DO NOT do the forms. A former IRS agent of 37 years, CPA, tax professor does them, as does another person that I know.

If you are a small business owner, accountant or insurance professional you may be in big trouble and not know it.  IRS has been fining people like you $200,000.  Most people that have received the fines were not aware that they had done anything wrong.  What is even worse is that the fines are not appeal-able.  This is not an isolated situation.  This has been happening to a lot of people.

Currently, the Internal Revenue Service ("IRS") has the discretion to assess hundreds of thousands of dollars in penalties under §6707A of the Internal Revenue Code ("Code") in an attempt to curb tax avoidance shelters. This discretion can be applied regardless of the innocence of the taxpayer and was granted by Congress.  It works so that if the IRS determines you have engaged in a listed transaction and failed to properly disclose it, you will be subject to a potentially draconian penalty regardless of any other facts and circumstances concerning the transaction. For some, this penalty has been assessed at almost a million dollars and for many it is the beginning of a long nightmare.

The following is an example:  Pursuant to a settlement with the IRS, the 412(i) plan was converted into a traditional defined benefit plan.  All of the contributions to the 412(i) plan would have been allowable if they had initially adopted a traditional defined benefit plan.  Based on negotiations with the IRS agent, the audit of the plan resulted in no income and minimal excise taxes due.   This is because as a traditional defined benefit plan, the taxpayers could have contributed and deducted the same amount as a 412(i) plan.

Towards the end of the audit the business owner received a notice from the IRS.  The IRS assessed the client penalties under the §6707A of the Code in the amount of $900,000.00.  This penalty was assessed because the client allegedly participated in a listed transaction and allegedly failed to file the form 8886 in a timely manner.

The IRS may call you a material advisor and fine you $200,000.00. The IRS may fine your clients over a million dollars for being in a retirement plan, 419 plan, etc. As you read this article, hundreds of unfortunate people are having their lives ruined by these fines. You may need to take action immediately. The Internal Revenue Service said it would extend until the end of March 1, 2010 a grace period granted to small business owners for collection of certain tax-shelter penalties.

"Clearly, a number of taxpayers have been caught in a penalty regime that the legislation did not intend," wrote Shulman. "I understand that Congress is still considering this issue, and that a bipartisan, bicameral, bill may be in the works."  The issue relates to penalties for so-called listed transactions, the kinds of tax shelters the IRS has designated most egregious. A number of small business owners that bought employee retirement plans so called 419 and 412(i) plans and others, that were listed by the IRS, and who are now facing hundreds and thousands in penalties, contend that the penalty amounts are unfair.

Leaders of tax-writing committees in the House and Senate have said they intend to pass legislation revising the penalty structure.

The IRS has suspended collection efforts in cases where the tax benefit derived from the listed transaction was less than $100,000 for individuals, or less than $200,000 for firms. They are still however sending out notices that they intend to fine.

Senator Ben Nelson (D-Nebraska) has sponsored legislation (S.765) to curtail the IRS and its nearly unlimited authority and power under Code Section 6707A. The bill seeks to scale back the scope of the Section 6707A reportable/listed transaction nondisclosure penalty to a more reasonable level. The current law provides for penalties that are Draconian by nature and offer no flexibility to the IRS to reduce or abate the imposition of the 6707A penalty. This has served as a weapon of mass destruction for the IRS and has hit many small businesses and their owners with unconscionable results.

Internal Revenue Code 6707A was enacted as part of the American Jobs Creation Act on October 22, 2004. It imposes a strict liability penalty for any person that failed to disclose either a listed transaction or reportable transaction per each occurrence. Reportable transactions usually fall within certain general types of transactions (e.g. confidential transactions, transactions with tax protection, certain loss generating transaction and transactions of interest arbitrarily so designated as by the IRS) that have the potential for tax avoidance. Listed transactions are specified transactions, which have been publicly designated by the IRS, including anything that is substantially similar to such a transaction (a phrase which is given very liberal construction by the IRS). There are currently 34 listed transactions, including certain retirement plans under Code section 412(i) and certain employee welfare benefit plans funded in part with life insurance under Code sections 419A(f)(5), 419(f)(6) and 419(e). Many of these plans were implemented by small business seeking to provide retirement income or health benefits to their employees.

Strict liability requires the IRS to impose the 6707A penalty regardless of innocence of a person (i.e. whether the person knew that the transaction needed to be reported or not or whether the person made a good faith effort to report) or the level of the person's reliance on professional advisors. A Section 6707A penalty is imposed when the transaction becomes a reportable/listed transaction. Therefore, a person has the burden to keep up to date on all transactions requiring disclosure by the IRS into perpetuity for transactions entered into the past.

Additionally, the 6707A penalty strictly penalizes nondisclosure irrespective of taxes owed. Accordingly, the penalty will be assessed even in legitimate tax planning situations when no additional tax is due but an IRS required filing was not properly and timely filed. It is worth noting that a failure to disclose in the view of the IRS encompasses both a failure to file the proper form as well as a failure to include sufficient information as to the nature and facts concerning the transaction. Hence, people may find themselves subject to the 6707A penalty if the IRS determines that a filing did not contain enough information on the transaction. A penalty is also imposed when a person does not file the required duplicate copy with a separate IRS office in addition to filing the required copy with the tax return. Lance Wallach Commentary. In our numerous talks with IRS, we were also told that improperly filling out the forms could almost be as bad as not filing the forms. We have reviewed hundreds of forms for accountants, business owners and others. We have not yet seen a form that was properly filled in. We have been retained to correct many of these forms.

For more information see www.taxlibrary.us, or e-mail us at wallachinc@gmail.com.

AdChoices

The imposition of a 6707A penalty is not subject to judicial review regardless of whether the penalty is imposed for a listed or reportable transaction. Accordingly, the IRS's determination is conclusive, binding and final. The next step from the IRS is sending your file to collection, where your assets may be forcibly taken, publicly recorded liens may be placed against your property, and/or garnishment of your wages or business profits may occur, amongst other measures.

The 6707A penalty amount for each listed transaction is generally $200,000 per year per each person that is not an individual and $100,000 per year per individual who failed to properly disclose each listed transaction. The 6707A penalty amount for each reportable transaction is generally $50,000 per year for each person that is not an individual and $10,000 per year per each individual who failed to properly disclose each reportable transaction. The IRS is obligated to impose the listed transaction penalty by law and cannot remove the penalty by law. The IRS is obligated to impose the reportable transaction penalty by law, as well, but may remove the penalty when the IRS determines that removal of the penalty would promote compliance and support effective tax administration.

The 6707A penalty is particularly harmful in the small business context, where many business owners operate through an S corporation or limited liability company in order to provide liability protection to the owner/operators. Numerous cases are coming to light where the IRS is imposing a $200,000 penalty at the entity level and them imposing a $100,000 penalty per individual shareholder or member per year.

The individuals are generally left with one of two options:

• Declare Bankruptcy
• Face a $300,000 penalty per year.

Keep in mind, taxes do not need to be due nor does the transaction have to be proven illegal or illegitimate for this penalty to apply. The only proof required by the IRS is that the person did not properly and timely disclose a transaction that the IRS believes the person should have disclosed. It is important to note in this context that for non-disclosed listed transactions, the Statue of Limitations does not begin until a proper disclosure is filed with the IRS.

Many practitioners believe the scope and authority given to the IRS under 6707A, which allows the IRS to act as judge, jury and executioner, is unconstitutional. Numerous real life stories abound illustrating the punitive nature of the 6707A penalty and its application to small businesses and their owners. In one case, the IRS demanded that the business and its owner pay a 6707A total of $600,000 for his and his business' participation in a Code section 412(i) plan. The actual taxes and interest on the transaction, assuming the IRS was correct in its determination that the tax benefits were not allowable, was $60,000. Regardless of the IRS's ultimate determination as to the legality of the underlying 412(i) transaction, the $600,000 was due as the IRS's determination was final and absolute with respect to the 6707A penalty. Another case involved a taxpayer who was a dentist and his wife whom the IRS determined had engaged in a listed transaction with respect to a limited liability company. The IRS determined that the couple owed taxes on the transaction of $6,812, since the tax benefits of the transactions were not allowable. In addition, the IRS determined that the taxpayers owed a $1,200,000 section 6707A penalty for both their individual nondisclosure of the transaction along with the nondisclosure by the limited liability company.

Even the IRS personnel continue to question both the legality and the fairness of the IRS's imposition of 6707A penalties. An IRS appeals officer in an email to a senior attorney within the IRS wrote that "…I am both an attorney and CPA and in my 29 years with the IRS I have never {before} worked a case or issue that left me questioning whether in good conscience I could uphold the Government's position even though it is supported by the language of the law." The Taxpayers Advocate, an office within the IRS, even went so far as to publicly assert that the 6707A should be modified as it "raises significant Constitutional concerns, including possible violations of the Eighth Amendment's prohibition against excessive government fines, and due process protection."

Senate bill 765, the bill sponsored by Senator Nelson, seeks to alleviate some of above cited concerns. Specifically, the bill makes three major changes to the current version of Code section 6707A. The bill would allow an IRS imposed 6707A penalty for nondisclosure of a listed transaction to be rescinded if a taxpayer's failure to file was due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect. The bill would make a 6707A penalty proportional to an understatement of any tax due.

Accordingly, non-tax paying entities such as S corporations and limited liability companies would not be subject to a 6707A penalty (individuals, C corporations and certain trusts and estates would remain subject to the 6707A penalty).

There are a number of interesting points to note about this action:

1.     In the letter, the IRS acknowledges that, in certain cases, the penalty imposed by section 6707A for failure to report participation in a "listed transaction" is disproportionate to the tax benefits obtained by the transaction.

2.     In the letter, the IRS says that it is taking this action because Congress has indicated its intention to amend the Code to modify the penalty provision, so that the penalty for failure to disclose will be more in line with the tax benefits resulting from a listed transaction.

3.     The IRS will not suspend audits or collection efforts in appropriate cases.  It cannot suspend imposition of the penalty, because, at least with respect to listed transactions, it does not have the discretion to not impose the penalty.  It is simply suspending collection efforts in cases where the tax benefits are below the penalty threshold in order to give Congress time to amend the penalty provision, as Congress has indicated to the IRS it intends to do.

4.          The legislation does not change the penalty provisions for material advisors.

This is taken directly from the IRS website:

"Congress has enacted a series of income tax laws designed to halt the growth of abusive tax avoidance transactions. These provisions include the disclosure of reportable transactions. Each taxpayer that has participated in a reportable transaction and that is required to file a tax return must disclose information for each reportable transaction in which the taxpayer participates. Use Form 8886 to disclose information for each reportable transaction in which participation has occurred. Generally, Form 8886 must be attached to the tax return for each tax year in which participation in a reportable transaction has occurred. If a transaction is identified as a listed transaction or transaction of interest after the filing of a tax return (including amended returns), the transaction must be disclosed either within 90 days of the transaction being identified as a listed transaction or a transaction of interest or with the next filed return, depending on which version of the regulations is applicable."

January 15, 2010: Brand New Update: The new proposed regulations specify a requirement that reporting forms filed under 6707A filed late must have additional attachments. Where in is described many additional details not covered in the original regulations. In addition, various parties must sign a statement on the attachments under penalty of perjury. The proposed regulations also specify that the late filing must be done in a specific manner.  If this filing is not done according to these rules, the one-year period for statute of limitations will not commence, etc. In addition, the form should include a statement at the top in the manner the IRS suggests. If a tax payer fails to include, on any return or statement, for any taxable year, any information with respect to a listed transaction as defined in CODE SECTION 6707A, which is required to be included with such return or statement the time for assessment of any tax imposed by this title with respect to such transaction shall not expire before the date, which is one year after the earlier of; the date on which the secretary is furnished the information so required, or the date that a material advisor meets the requirements relating to such transaction with respect to such tax  payer. As you know, Congress has armed the IRS with many weapons for enforcement. Usually there is three-year statute of limitations granted to all taxpayers. In the situation above there will be no statute of limitations, unless the forms are filed in correctly with no errors at all.  In addition, the forms must be sent to the proper IRS authorities at their various locations. Lance Wallach's commentary: It seems to me and to the only two people that I know who have been filing these forms correctly that that the IRS has purposely made it almost impossible for accountants and tax attorneys to properly fill out these forms and to comply with regulations under SECTION 6707A. The result is that a business owner in one of these plans asks his accountant or attorney to file the disclosures. The Business Owner then gets fined, on average, ABOUT A MILLION DOLLARS. Or the Business Owner does not file the forms and gets the same fine. The same goes for the Material Advisor. The two people that have been filing these forms properly to my knowledge have repeatedly had discussions with the authors of these regulations and various other IRS personnel, including the Office of Tax Shelter Analysis.  Based on those many conversations with IRS personnel, repeatedly re-reading the various regulations and experience in filing many of the form under these code sections, these two people have developed their expertise. I only have their word that no one has been fined that they have helped. One of these individuals has been preparing the forms after the fact, late, for the last few years. I am not endorsing using anyone in particular for these forms. I am just writing about my experience in this area.

Lance Wallach, CLU, ChFC, speaks and writes about benefit plans, tax reductions strategies, and financial plans. He has authored numerous books for the AICPA books, Bisk Total tapes, Wiley and others.

Lance Wallach, the National Society of Accountants Speaker of the Year also writes about retirement plans, 412(1) and 419 and Captive plans. He speaks at more than ten conventions annually, writes for over fifty publications, is quotes regularly in the press and has written numerous best-selling AICPA books including Common Abusive Business Hot Spots. He does Expert Witness work and has never lost a case. Contact him at 516.938.5007, wallachinc@gmail.com, or visit www.taxlibrary.us.

The information provided herein is not intended as legal, accounting, financial or any other type of advice for any specific individual or other entity.  You should contact an appropriate professional for any such advice.